{"id":2075,"date":"2025-08-20T09:01:53","date_gmt":"2025-08-20T07:01:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/acriv.org\/WP\/?page_id=2075"},"modified":"2025-08-20T13:38:38","modified_gmt":"2025-08-20T11:38:38","slug":"%e2%9b%88%ef%b8%8fles-cartes-meteo","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/acriv.org\/WP\/%e2%9b%88%ef%b8%8fles-cartes-meteo\/","title":{"rendered":"\u26c8\ufe0fMTO : LES CARTES METEO"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>En pr\u00e9paration de vol, un pilote doit comprendre les <strong>diff\u00e9rentes cartes m\u00e9t\u00e9o a\u00e9ronautiques<\/strong> disponibles et leur utilit\u00e9.:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. <strong>GRAMET (Graphical METeorological tool)<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"267\" height=\"189\" src=\"https:\/\/acriv.org\/WP\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image-92.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2076\" style=\"width:372px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/acriv.org\/WP\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image-92.png 267w, https:\/\/acriv.org\/WP\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image-92-148x105.png 148w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 267px) 100vw, 267px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Description :<\/strong><br>Profil vertical le long d\u2019une trajectoire d\u00e9finie (origine\u2013destination), g\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9 par l\u2019outil Ogimet (ou \u00e9quivalents).\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Montre : temp\u00e9ratures, vents, nuages, turbulence, givrage, zones de convection, fronts.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Usage :<\/strong><br>Tr\u00e8s utile pour visualiser les conditions en altitude, notamment sur vols IFR ou VFR sur la route.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Fiabilit\u00e9 :<\/strong><br>Issu de mod\u00e8les num\u00e9riques (pr\u00e9visions brutes, pas d\u2019analyse humaine). Bon pour tendances globales, mais pas toujours pr\u00e9cis sur ph\u00e9nom\u00e8nes locaux (CB, brouillard, givrage).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. <strong>Cartes TEMSI (TEMps Significatif)<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"778\" height=\"555\" src=\"https:\/\/acriv.org\/WP\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image-94.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2078\" style=\"width:381px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/acriv.org\/WP\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image-94.png 778w, https:\/\/acriv.org\/WP\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image-94-300x214.png 300w, https:\/\/acriv.org\/WP\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image-94-768x548.png 768w, https:\/\/acriv.org\/WP\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image-94-421x300.png 421w, https:\/\/acriv.org\/WP\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image-94-310x221.png 310w, https:\/\/acriv.org\/WP\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image-94-147x105.png 147w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 778px) 100vw, 778px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Description :<\/strong><br>Carte synoptique couvrant une grande r\u00e9gion (ex : Europe) valable \u00e0 une heure donn\u00e9e.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Montre : fronts, zones de convection (CB\/TS), givrage, turbulence, jet-stream, couverture nuageuse significative.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Usage :<\/strong><br>Vision d\u2019ensemble de la situation m\u00e9t\u00e9o <strong>en altitude<\/strong> (vol IFR, routes a\u00e9riennes).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Fiabilit\u00e9 :<\/strong><br>Bonne pour la situation globale et fronts, moins pr\u00e9cise sur localisation exacte d\u2019un CB ou d\u2019un brouillard.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. <strong>Cartes de fronts (Analyse et pr\u00e9visions synoptiques)<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"869\" height=\"782\" src=\"https:\/\/acriv.org\/WP\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image-95.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2079\" style=\"width:266px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/acriv.org\/WP\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image-95.png 869w, https:\/\/acriv.org\/WP\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image-95-300x270.png 300w, https:\/\/acriv.org\/WP\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image-95-768x691.png 768w, https:\/\/acriv.org\/WP\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image-95-800x720.png 800w, https:\/\/acriv.org\/WP\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image-95-333x300.png 333w, https:\/\/acriv.org\/WP\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image-95-310x279.png 310w, https:\/\/acriv.org\/WP\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image-95-117x105.png 117w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 869px) 100vw, 869px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Description :<\/strong><br>Repr\u00e9sentent la position des <strong>fronts froids, chauds, occlus, lignes de convergence<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Usage :<\/strong><br>Permettent de comprendre la dynamique atmosph\u00e9rique et pr\u00e9voir l\u2019\u00e9volution g\u00e9n\u00e9rale (pluie, vent, orages).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Fiabilit\u00e9 :<\/strong><br>Globalement fiable sur 12\u201324h, mais la position exacte des fronts peut varier (notamment sur petits secteurs).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. <strong>WINTERM<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"760\" height=\"635\" src=\"https:\/\/acriv.org\/WP\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image-93.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2077\" style=\"width:353px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/acriv.org\/WP\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image-93.png 760w, https:\/\/acriv.org\/WP\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image-93-300x251.png 300w, https:\/\/acriv.org\/WP\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image-93-359x300.png 359w, https:\/\/acriv.org\/WP\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image-93-310x259.png 310w, https:\/\/acriv.org\/WP\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image-93-126x105.png 126w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 760px) 100vw, 760px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Description :<\/strong><br>Produit sp\u00e9cifique de M\u00e9t\u00e9o-France pour l\u2019aviation l\u00e9g\u00e8re en p\u00e9riode hivernale.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Montre : zones de <strong>plafond bas, mauvaise visi, givrage potentiel<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 sous forme de carte simplifi\u00e9e (code couleur : VFR possible, difficile, ou impossible).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Usage :<\/strong><br>Aide rapide pour d\u00e9cider si le vol <strong>VFR est jouable en hiver<\/strong> (o\u00f9 brouillard, stratus et givrage sont fr\u00e9quents).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Fiabilit\u00e9 :<\/strong><br>Plut\u00f4t bonne car \u00e9labor\u00e9e par des pr\u00e9visionnistes, mais attention aux micro-conditions locales (vall\u00e9es, inversion, brouillard soudain).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5. <strong>TAF (Terminal Aerodrome Forecast)<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-vivid-cyan-blue-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-58d26d5e095dd8c4b15c40fdaa2b5295\">TAF:<strong>\u00a0LFRN 200500Z 2006\/2106 VRB05KT 9999 SCT006 BKN030 TEMPO 2006\/2009 3000 BR BKN005 PROB30 TEMPO 2006\/2010 -SHRA SCT060CB TEMPO 2010\/2016 4000 SHRA BKN012 BKN030CB PROB40 TEMPO 2010\/2016 VRB15G25KT 2000 TSRA BKN008 BKN020CB BECMG 2011\/2013 03010KT BECMG 2100\/2102 VRB05KT<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Description :<\/strong><br>Pr\u00e9vision textuelle pour un a\u00e9rodrome donn\u00e9 (souvent les principaux terrains).\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Contenu : vent, visibilit\u00e9, ph\u00e9nom\u00e8nes m\u00e9t\u00e9o significatifs, plafond, tendances pr\u00e9vues (BECMG, TEMPO, PROB30\/40).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Valable g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement 9h ou 30h selon l\u2019a\u00e9roport.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Usage :<\/strong><br>Indispensable pour savoir si ton terrain de d\u00e9part, destination ou d\u00e9gagement sera utilisable \u00e0 l\u2019heure pr\u00e9vue.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Fiabilit\u00e9 :<\/strong><br>Bonne en tendance, mais limit\u00e9e pour des ph\u00e9nom\u00e8nes rapides (averses, orages, brouillard). Les <strong>TEMPO\/PROB<\/strong> sont l\u00e0 pour couvrir l\u2019incertitude.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">6. <strong>METAR<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-vivid-cyan-blue-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-55586be888fe27108b77642524e64478\">METAR:<strong>\u00a0LFRN 200630Z AUTO 06004KT 020V090 7000 OVC006 18\/17 Q1011 TEMPO 3000 BR SCT060CB<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Description :<\/strong><br>Observation <strong>r\u00e9elle<\/strong> et mise \u00e0 jour d\u2019un a\u00e9rodrome (g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement toutes les 30 ou 60 minutes).\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Contenu : vent, visi, m\u00e9t\u00e9o pr\u00e9sente (pluie, neige, brouillard\u2026), n\u00e9bulosit\u00e9, temp\u00e9rature\/point de ros\u00e9e, QNH, \u00e9tat de piste (si SNOWTAM).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Usage :<\/strong><br>C\u2019est le <strong>bulletin en temps r\u00e9el<\/strong> : on l\u2019utilise pour confirmer la situation actuelle au d\u00e9part, en route (si disponible via radio ou data), et \u00e0 destination.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Fiabilit\u00e9 :<\/strong><br>Tr\u00e8s \u00e9lev\u00e9e (observation mesur\u00e9e), mais ne pr\u00e9dit pas l\u2019\u00e9volution future \u2192 doit \u00eatre crois\u00e9 avec TAF.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Comparaison globale (mise \u00e0 jour)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><thead><tr><th>Carte\/Bulletin<\/th><th>Contenu principal<\/th><th>Usage typique<\/th><th>Fiabilit\u00e9<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>GRAMET<\/strong><\/td><td>Profil vertical route<\/td><td>IFR\/VFR en croisi\u00e8re<\/td><td>Bonne tendance, pas fin local<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>TEMSI<\/strong><\/td><td>Ph\u00e9nom\u00e8nes significatifs r\u00e9gionaux<\/td><td>Routes IFR, planification g\u00e9n\u00e9rale<\/td><td>Tr\u00e8s fiable globalement<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Fronts<\/strong><\/td><td>Position des fronts<\/td><td>Comprendre \u00e9volution synoptique<\/td><td>Bonne en tendance<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>WINTERM<\/strong><\/td><td>Conditions hivernales VFR<\/td><td>D\u00e9cision VFR en hiver<\/td><td>Bonne, attention ph\u00e9nom\u00e8nes locaux<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>TAF<\/strong><\/td><td>Pr\u00e9vision a\u00e9roport cibl\u00e9e<\/td><td>D\u00e9cision d\u00e9part\/destination<\/td><td>Bonne, avec incertitudes<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>METAR<\/strong><\/td><td>Observation r\u00e9elle terrain<\/td><td>Situation actuelle<\/td><td>Tr\u00e8s fiable mais pas pr\u00e9visionnel<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udc49 En r\u00e9sum\u00e9 :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>METAR = pr\u00e9sent<\/strong>, <strong>TAF = futur proche<\/strong>,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>TEMSI\/fronts = vision globale<\/strong>,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>OPTIMET\/WINTERM = outils simplifi\u00e9s VFR<\/strong>,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>GRAMET = route verticale personnalis\u00e9e<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>En pr\u00e9paration de vol, un pilote doit comprendre les diff\u00e9rentes cartes m\u00e9t\u00e9o a\u00e9ronautiques disponibles et leur utilit\u00e9.: 1. GRAMET (Graphical METeorological tool) 2. Cartes TEMSI (TEMps Significatif) 3. Cartes de fronts (Analyse et pr\u00e9visions synoptiques) 4. WINTERM 5. TAF (Terminal Aerodrome Forecast) TAF:\u00a0LFRN 200500Z 2006\/2106 VRB05KT 9999 SCT006 BKN030 TEMPO 2006\/2009 3000 BR BKN005 PROB30 TEMPO 2006\/2010 -SHRA SCT060CB TEMPO<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/acriv.org\/WP\/%e2%9b%88%ef%b8%8fles-cartes-meteo\/\">Read More<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2075","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/acriv.org\/WP\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2075","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/acriv.org\/WP\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/acriv.org\/WP\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/acriv.org\/WP\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/acriv.org\/WP\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2075"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/acriv.org\/WP\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2075\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2101,"href":"https:\/\/acriv.org\/WP\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2075\/revisions\/2101"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/acriv.org\/WP\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2075"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}