{"id":2338,"date":"2025-09-22T19:16:38","date_gmt":"2025-09-22T17:16:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/acriv.org\/WP\/?page_id=2338"},"modified":"2025-09-22T19:16:38","modified_gmt":"2025-09-22T17:16:38","slug":"%e2%9b%88%ef%b8%8ftaf-metar","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/acriv.org\/WP\/%e2%9b%88%ef%b8%8ftaf-metar\/","title":{"rendered":"\u26c8\ufe0fTAF &amp; METAR"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>1. Le METAR<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>D\u00e9finition<\/strong> : c\u2019est un <strong>bulletin m\u00e9t\u00e9orologique d\u2019observation<\/strong>, \u00e9mis g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement toutes les heures (\u00e0 H00 et H30).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>But<\/strong> : donner les conditions m\u00e9t\u00e9o <strong>actuelles<\/strong> \u00e0 un a\u00e9roport.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Contenu<\/strong> : il inclut la visibilit\u00e9, le vent, les nuages, la temp\u00e9rature, la pression, et parfois des ph\u00e9nom\u00e8nes m\u00e9t\u00e9o significatifs.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Exemple brut :<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>METAR LFPG 221230Z 22015KT 9999 SCT030 18\/12 Q1016 NOSIG<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>D\u00e9cryptage :<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>LFPG<\/strong> \u2192 code OACI de l\u2019a\u00e9roport (Paris Charles de Gaulle)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>221230Z<\/strong> \u2192 22 du mois, 12h30 UTC<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>22015KT<\/strong> \u2192 vent du 220\u00b0, 15 n\u0153uds<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>9999<\/strong> \u2192 visibilit\u00e9 > 10 km<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>SCT030<\/strong> \u2192 nuages \u00e9pars (scattered) \u00e0 3000 pieds<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>18\/12<\/strong> \u2192 temp\u00e9rature 18\u00b0C, point de ros\u00e9e 12\u00b0C<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Q1016<\/strong> \u2192 pression au QNH : 1016 hPa<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>NOSIG<\/strong> \u2192 pas de changement significatif attendu dans les 2 prochaines heures<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udc49 <strong>Traduction<\/strong> : \u00c0 Paris CDG, le 22 \u00e0 12h30 UTC, vent 220\u00b0 15 kt, visibilit\u00e9 &gt;10 km, quelques nuages \u00e0 3000 ft, temp\u00e9rature 18\u00b0C, QNH 1016, rien \u00e0 signaler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>2. Le TAF<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>D\u00e9finition<\/strong> : c\u2019est un <strong>bulletin de pr\u00e9vision m\u00e9t\u00e9orologique<\/strong> pour un a\u00e9roport.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>But<\/strong> : pr\u00e9voir l\u2019\u00e9volution du temps (vent, visibilit\u00e9, nuages, ph\u00e9nom\u00e8nes significatifs) g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement sur <strong>9 \u00e0 30 heures<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Contenu<\/strong> : segments avec horaires et conditions pr\u00e9vues (am\u00e9liorations, d\u00e9gradations, TEMPO, PROB, etc.).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Exemple brut :<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>TAF LFPG 221100Z 2212\/2318 22015KT 9999 SCT030<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp; TEMPO 2212\/2218 4000 SHRA BKN015<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp; BECMG 2300\/2302 27010KT<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>D\u00e9cryptage :<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>LFPG<\/strong> \u2192 Paris Charles de Gaulle<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>221100Z<\/strong> \u2192 \u00e9mis le 22 \u00e0 11h00 UTC<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>2212\/2318<\/strong> \u2192 valable du 22 \u00e0 12h00 au 23 \u00e0 18h00 UTC<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>22015KT 9999 SCT030<\/strong> \u2192 pr\u00e9vision de base : vent du 220\u00b0 15 kt, visibilit\u00e9 >10 km, nuages \u00e9pars \u00e0 3000 ft<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>TEMPO 2212\/2218 4000 SHRA BKN015<\/strong> \u2192 entre 12h et 18h UTC, par moments : visibilit\u00e9 r\u00e9duite \u00e0 4000 m, averses de pluie, nuages fragment\u00e9s \u00e0 1500 ft<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>BECMG 2300\/2302 27010KT<\/strong> \u2192 entre 00h et 02h UTC le 23, le vent va \u00e9voluer vers 270\u00b0 10 kt<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udc49 <strong>Traduction<\/strong> : \u00c0 Paris CDG, le 22 entre 12h et 18h, risque temporaire de pluie et visibilit\u00e9 r\u00e9duite. Ensuite, dans la nuit du 23, le vent devrait tourner \u00e0 l\u2019ouest (270\u00b0) avec 10 kt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>3. R\u00e9sum\u00e9 des codes essentiels<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Vents<\/strong> : dddffKT (direction, vitesse en kt)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Visibilit\u00e9<\/strong> : en m\u00e8tres (9999 = >10 km)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Nuages<\/strong> :\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>FEW = peu (1\u20132 octas)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>SCT = \u00e9pars (3\u20134 octas)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>BKN = fragment\u00e9s (5\u20137 octas)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>OVC = couvert (8\/8)<br>(hauteur en centaines de pieds, ex. BKN015 = 1500 ft)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Ph\u00e9nom\u00e8nes m\u00e9t\u00e9o<\/strong> :\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>RA = pluie, SHRA = averses, SN = neige, FG = brouillard, TS = orage\u2026<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>TEMPO<\/strong> = variations temporaires pr\u00e9vues<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>BECMG<\/strong> = conditions qui vont progressivement s\u2019installer<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>PROB30\/40<\/strong> = probabilit\u00e9 (30% ou 40%)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-vivid-red-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-2ce0477d09f822baf54f7a600176c27c\"><strong>LES CODES<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\ud83d\udcd1 R\u00e9sum\u00e9 des codes METAR &amp; TAF<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>1. Identification<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>METAR<\/strong> = Observation m\u00e9t\u00e9o actuelle (\u00e9mis chaque heure).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>SPECI<\/strong> = Observation sp\u00e9ciale (conditions chang\u00e9es).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>TAF<\/strong> = Pr\u00e9vision m\u00e9t\u00e9o (9 \u00e0 30h).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Format :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>TYPE CODE_AEROPORT DATEHEUREZ &#8230;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>exemple : METAR LFRN 221230Z<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>2. Date et heure<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>221230Z<\/strong> \u2192 22e jour du mois, 12h30 UTC.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>3. Vent<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>dddffKT<\/strong> = direction (\u00b0 vrai) + force (kt).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>22015KT<\/strong> \u2192 vent 220\u00b0 \u00e0 15 kt.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>VRB<\/strong> = direction variable.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>dddVddd<\/strong> = vent variable (ex. 180V240).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>G<\/strong> = rafales (ex. 22015G25KT = 15 kt avec rafales 25 kt).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>4. Visibilit\u00e9<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>En m\u00e8tres (TAF\/METAR Europe).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>9999<\/strong> \u2192 > 10 km.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>4000<\/strong> \u2192 4 km.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>0500<\/strong> \u2192 500 m.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>CAVOK<\/strong> = Ceiling And Visibility OK (visibilit\u00e9 >10 km, pas de nuages &lt;5000 ft, pas de ph\u00e9nom\u00e8nes significatifs).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>5. Ph\u00e9nom\u00e8nes m\u00e9t\u00e9o<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Cod\u00e9s par abr\u00e9viations (se cumulent).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Intensit\u00e9<\/strong> :\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>&#8211;<\/strong> faible<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>(rien) mod\u00e9r\u00e9<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>+<\/strong> fort<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Pr\u00e9cipitations<\/strong> :\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>RA = pluie, SHRA = averses de pluie<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>SN = neige<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>GR = gr\u00eale<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>DZ = bruine<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Brouillard \/ visibilit\u00e9<\/strong> :\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>FG = brouillard<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>BR = brume<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>HZ = brume s\u00e8che (haze)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Autres<\/strong> :\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>TS = orage<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>SQ = grains<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>FU = fum\u00e9e<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>DU = poussi\u00e8re<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>SA = sable<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Exemple : +TSRA = orage fort avec pluie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>6. Nuages<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>FEW<\/strong> (few) = 1-2\/8<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>SCT<\/strong> (scattered) = 3-4\/8<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>BKN<\/strong> (broken) = 5-7\/8<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>OVC<\/strong> (overcast) = 8\/8<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>NSC<\/strong> = No Significant Cloud (pas de nuages significatifs &lt; 5000 ft).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Hauteur en centaines de pieds (ex. BKN015 = nuages fragment\u00e9s \u00e0 1500 ft).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>VV\/\/\/<\/strong> = plafond invisible (ciel obscurci).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>7. Temp\u00e9rature \/ Point de ros\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Exemple : 18\/12 = T\u00b0 18\u00b0C, point de ros\u00e9e 12\u00b0C.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>M<\/strong> = n\u00e9gatif (ex. M05 = -5\u00b0C).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>8. Pression<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>QNH<\/strong> (hPa) : Q1016 = 1016 hPa.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>9. Tendances (TAF surtout)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>BECMG<\/strong> = \u00e9volution progressive (becoming).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>TEMPO<\/strong> = conditions temporaires.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>PROB30\/40<\/strong> = probabilit\u00e9 30% ou 40%.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>FMddhhmm<\/strong> = \u00e0 partir de telle heure (From).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>TL<\/strong> = jusqu\u2019\u00e0 telle heure (Till).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>AT<\/strong> = \u00e0 telle heure (At).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\ud83d\udd0e Exemples d\u00e9cod\u00e9s<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>METAR<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>METAR LFRN 221230Z 22015KT 9999 SCT030 18\/12 Q1016 NOSIG<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udc49 RENNES, le 22 \u00e0 12h30 UTC, vent 220\u00b0 15 kt, visibilit\u00e9 &gt;10 km, quelques nuages 3000 ft, T\u00b0 18\u00b0C, QNH 1016, pas de changements attendus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>TAF<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>TAF LFRN 221100Z 2212\/2318 22015KT 9999 SCT030<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp; TEMPO 2212\/2218 4000 SHRA BKN015<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp; BECMG 2300\/2302 27010KT<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udc49 Pr\u00e9visions pour RENNES : base = vent 220\u00b0 15 kt, visibilit\u00e9 &gt;10 km, nuages \u00e9pars 3000 ft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Temporairement (12h-18h) : averses, 4000 m, nuages 1500 ft.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Entre 00h et 02h le 23 : vent 270\u00b0 10 kt.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-vivid-red-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-f3106f230bbde6b58cde9b56e12e0e2a\"><strong>LES SPECI<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\ud83d\udccc Quand \u00e9met-on un SPECI ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Un SPECI est diffus\u00e9 si un changement significatif est observ\u00e9, par exemple :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Variation du <strong>vent<\/strong> (force ou direction importante).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Visibilit\u00e9<\/strong> qui passe sous certains seuils (1500 m, 800 m, etc.).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Apparition ou disparition d\u2019un <strong>ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne m\u00e9t\u00e9o significatif<\/strong> (brouillard, pluie, orage, neige, etc.).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Changement de la <strong>n\u00e9bulosit\u00e9<\/strong> (plafond qui passe sous un seuil critique : 5000 ft, 1500 ft, 1000 ft, etc.).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Variation marqu\u00e9e de la <strong>pression atmosph\u00e9rique<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>SPECI LFRN &nbsp;221245Z 22020KT 4000 SHRA BKN015 16\/12 Q1014<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>D\u00e9cryptage :<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>SPECI<\/strong> \u2192 observation sp\u00e9ciale.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>LFRN<\/strong> \u2192 RENNES.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>221245Z<\/strong> \u2192 le 22 \u00e0 12h45 UTC.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>22020KT<\/strong> \u2192 vent 220\u00b0 20 kt.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>4000 SHRA<\/strong> \u2192 visibilit\u00e9 4 km, averses de pluie.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>BKN015<\/strong> \u2192 nuages fragment\u00e9s \u00e0 1500 ft.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>16\/12<\/strong> \u2192 T\u00b0 16\u00b0C, point de ros\u00e9e 12\u00b0C.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Q1014<\/strong> \u2192 QNH 1014 hPa.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udc49 Ici, entre deux METAR r\u00e9guliers (12h30 et 13h00), un changement m\u00e9t\u00e9o significatif est apparu (averses, baisse de visibilit\u00e9, plafond \u00e0 1500 ft).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udccc En r\u00e9sum\u00e9 :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>METAR<\/strong> = m\u00e9t\u00e9o actuelle \u00e0 heure fixe.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>SPECI<\/strong> = m\u00e9t\u00e9o actuelle <strong>mise \u00e0 jour imm\u00e9diatement<\/strong> en cas de changement notable.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>1. Le METAR Exemple brut : METAR LFPG 221230Z 22015KT 9999 SCT030 18\/12 Q1016 NOSIG D\u00e9cryptage : \ud83d\udc49 Traduction : \u00c0 Paris CDG, le 22 \u00e0 12h30 UTC, vent 220\u00b0 15 kt, visibilit\u00e9 &gt;10 km, quelques nuages \u00e0 3000 ft, temp\u00e9rature 18\u00b0C, QNH 1016, rien \u00e0 signaler. 2. Le TAF Exemple brut : TAF LFPG 221100Z 2212\/2318 22015KT 9999 SCT030<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/acriv.org\/WP\/%e2%9b%88%ef%b8%8ftaf-metar\/\">Read More<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2338","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/acriv.org\/WP\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2338","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/acriv.org\/WP\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/acriv.org\/WP\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/acriv.org\/WP\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/acriv.org\/WP\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2338"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/acriv.org\/WP\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2338\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2339,"href":"https:\/\/acriv.org\/WP\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2338\/revisions\/2339"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/acriv.org\/WP\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2338"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}