{"id":2492,"date":"2025-11-05T15:02:13","date_gmt":"2025-11-05T14:02:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/acriv.org\/WP\/?page_id=2492"},"modified":"2025-11-05T15:02:13","modified_gmt":"2025-11-05T14:02:13","slug":"%f0%9f%9a%a8masse-centrage","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/acriv.org\/WP\/%f0%9f%9a%a8masse-centrage\/","title":{"rendered":"\ud83d\udea8MASSE &amp; CENTRAGE"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"788\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/acriv.org\/WP\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image-3-788x1024.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2497\" style=\"width:264px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/acriv.org\/WP\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image-3-788x1024.png 788w, https:\/\/acriv.org\/WP\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image-3-231x300.png 231w, https:\/\/acriv.org\/WP\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image-3-768x998.png 768w, https:\/\/acriv.org\/WP\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image-3-800x1040.png 800w, https:\/\/acriv.org\/WP\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image-3-238x310.png 238w, https:\/\/acriv.org\/WP\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image-3-81x105.png 81w, https:\/\/acriv.org\/WP\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image-3.png 1067w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 788px) 100vw, 788px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u2696\ufe0f 1. Objectif du devis de masse et centrage<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Le DMC permet de s\u2019assurer que :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>La <strong>masse totale<\/strong> de l\u2019avion ne d\u00e9passe pas la <strong>masse maximale autoris\u00e9e au d\u00e9collage (MTOW)<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Le <strong>centre de gravit\u00e9 (CG)<\/strong> (ou <strong>centrage<\/strong>) se trouve <strong>dans les limites autoris\u00e9es<\/strong> d\u00e9finies par le constructeur.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Un avion \u00e9quilibr\u00e9 garantit :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>de bonnes performances (d\u00e9collage, mont\u00e9e, atterrissage),<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>une stabilit\u00e9 suffisante,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>et une gouvernabilit\u00e9 correcte.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\ud83e\uddee 2. \u00c9tapes du calcul<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Donn\u00e9es de base (exemple type Cessna 172S)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><thead><tr><th>\u00c9l\u00e9ment<\/th><th>Bras (inches)<\/th><th>Poids (lb)<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Avion \u00e0 vide<\/td><td>39.5<\/td><td>1660<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Pilote + passager avant<\/td><td>37<\/td><td>\u2014<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Passagers arri\u00e8re<\/td><td>73<\/td><td>\u2014<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Bagages compartiment 1<\/td><td>95<\/td><td>\u2014<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Carburant (100LL : 6 lb\/gal)<\/td><td>48<\/td><td>\u2014<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><em>(Les bras peuvent varier l\u00e9g\u00e8rement selon le mod\u00e8le exact et la fiche de pes\u00e9e de l\u2019avion.)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u00c9tape 1 : Calcul du moment<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Le <strong>moment = poids \u00d7 bras<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u00c9tape 2 : Somme des poids et des moments<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Additionne :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>tous les <strong>poids<\/strong>,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>tous les <strong>moments<\/strong> correspondants.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u00c9tape 3 : Calcul du centrage<\/h3>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"631\" height=\"101\" src=\"https:\/\/acriv.org\/WP\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2493\" style=\"width:310px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/acriv.org\/WP\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image.png 631w, https:\/\/acriv.org\/WP\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image-300x48.png 300w, https:\/\/acriv.org\/WP\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image-310x50.png 310w, https:\/\/acriv.org\/WP\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image-150x24.png 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 631px) 100vw, 631px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\ud83e\udded 3. V\u00e9rification dans l\u2019enveloppe de centrage<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Avec le <strong>centrage (en pouces)<\/strong> et le <strong>poids total<\/strong>, on place le point correspondant dans le <strong>diagramme masse\/centrage<\/strong> du manuel de vol (POH).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Si le point est <strong>dans l\u2019enveloppe<\/strong>, le vol est autoris\u00e9.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>S\u2019il est <strong>hors de l\u2019enveloppe<\/strong> \u2192 vol interdit.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u26a0\ufe0f 4. Effets et risques d\u2019un centrage incorrect<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\ud83d\udd39 Centrage <strong>avant<\/strong> (trop \u00e0 l\u2019avant)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Effets :<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Avion plus <strong>stable<\/strong>, mais <strong>moins maniable<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Gouverne de profondeur moins efficace \u2192 besoin de tirer fort au manche.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Distance de <strong>d\u00e9collage et d\u2019atterrissage augment\u00e9e<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Vitesse de d\u00e9crochage l\u00e9g\u00e8rement plus <strong>\u00e9lev\u00e9e<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Risques :<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Difficult\u00e9 \u00e0 arracher l\u2019avion du sol au d\u00e9collage.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Difficult\u00e9 \u00e0 arrondir \u00e0 l\u2019atterrissage.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\ud83d\udd39 Centrage <strong>arri\u00e8re<\/strong> (trop \u00e0 l\u2019arri\u00e8re)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Effets :<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Avion <strong>moins stable<\/strong> longitudinalement.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Moins de marge avant le <strong>d\u00e9crochage<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Difficult\u00e9 \u00e0 r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer d\u2019un d\u00e9crochage ou d\u2019une vrille.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Risques :<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Perte de contr\u00f4le<\/strong> possible apr\u00e8s d\u00e9crochage.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Risque d\u2019entr\u00e9e en vrille <strong>irr\u00e9versible<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Avion plus \u00ab l\u00e9ger \u00bb aux commandes, difficile \u00e0 contr\u00f4ler finement.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\ud83d\udd39 Masse totale <strong>au-del\u00e0 des limites<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Effets :<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Diminution des performances (taux de mont\u00e9e, distance de d\u00e9collage\/atterrissage augment\u00e9e).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Surcharge structurelle possible.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Consommation plus \u00e9lev\u00e9e.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Impossibilit\u00e9 de tenir l\u2019altitude en cas de panne moteur.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Risques :<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Rupture structurelle<\/strong> possible en turbulences.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Impossibilit\u00e9 de d\u00e9coller<\/strong> ou d\u2019atterrir en s\u00e9curit\u00e9.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u2708\ufe0f Exemple simplifi\u00e9 de calcul (lb te in \/ se transpose en m et kg)<\/h2>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"447\" src=\"https:\/\/acriv.org\/WP\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image-2-1024x447.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2495\" style=\"width:657px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/acriv.org\/WP\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image-2-1024x447.png 1024w, https:\/\/acriv.org\/WP\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image-2-300x131.png 300w, https:\/\/acriv.org\/WP\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image-2-768x336.png 768w, https:\/\/acriv.org\/WP\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image-2-800x350.png 800w, https:\/\/acriv.org\/WP\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image-2-650x284.png 650w, https:\/\/acriv.org\/WP\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image-2-310x135.png 310w, https:\/\/acriv.org\/WP\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image-2-150x66.png 150w, https:\/\/acriv.org\/WP\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image-2.png 1204w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"379\" height=\"113\" src=\"https:\/\/acriv.org\/WP\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image-1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2494\" style=\"width:257px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/acriv.org\/WP\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image-1.png 379w, https:\/\/acriv.org\/WP\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image-1-300x89.png 300w, https:\/\/acriv.org\/WP\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image-1-310x92.png 310w, https:\/\/acriv.org\/WP\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image-1-150x45.png 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 379px) 100vw, 379px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>\u2192 On v\u00e9rifie dans le diagramme que <strong>44.7 in<\/strong> est <strong>dans les limites<\/strong> pour <strong>2580 lb<\/strong> (ok pour un C172S, par exemple entre 35\u201347 in).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u2696\ufe0f 1. Objectif du devis de masse et centrage Le DMC permet de s\u2019assurer que : Un avion \u00e9quilibr\u00e9 garantit : \ud83e\uddee 2. \u00c9tapes du calcul Donn\u00e9es de base (exemple type Cessna 172S) \u00c9l\u00e9ment Bras (inches) Poids (lb) Avion \u00e0 vide 39.5 1660 Pilote + passager avant 37 \u2014 Passagers arri\u00e8re 73 \u2014 Bagages compartiment 1 95 \u2014 Carburant (100LL<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/acriv.org\/WP\/%f0%9f%9a%a8masse-centrage\/\">Read More<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2492","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/acriv.org\/WP\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2492","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/acriv.org\/WP\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/acriv.org\/WP\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/acriv.org\/WP\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/acriv.org\/WP\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2492"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/acriv.org\/WP\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2492\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2498,"href":"https:\/\/acriv.org\/WP\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2492\/revisions\/2498"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/acriv.org\/WP\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2492"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}