{"id":2703,"date":"2026-01-12T09:49:09","date_gmt":"2026-01-12T08:49:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/acriv.org\/WP\/?page_id=2703"},"modified":"2026-01-12T09:53:54","modified_gmt":"2026-01-12T08:53:54","slug":"%f0%9f%9a%a8cas-pratique-vfr-tem","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/acriv.org\/WP\/%f0%9f%9a%a8cas-pratique-vfr-tem\/","title":{"rendered":"\ud83d\udea8Cas pratique VFR \u2013 TEM"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>Th\u00e8me : Navigation VFR avec d\u00e9gradation progressive des conditions<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. Contexte g\u00e9n\u00e9ral du vol<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Type de vol<\/strong> : Navigation VFR de jour<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Avion<\/strong> : Monomoteur l\u00e9ger (type \u00e9cole)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Pilote<\/strong> : PPL r\u00e9cent, 70 h de vol<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Passagers<\/strong> : 1 passager non pilote<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Saison<\/strong> : Printemps<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Distance<\/strong> : ~120 NM<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Objectif<\/strong> : Rejoindre un terrain contr\u00f4l\u00e9 pour un rendez-vous pr\u00e9vu<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. Situation initiale (avant-vol)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">M\u00e9t\u00e9o pr\u00e9vue<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>CAVOK au d\u00e9part<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u00c9volution annonc\u00e9e en milieu d\u2019apr\u00e8s-midi :\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Nuages \u00e9pars devenant fragment\u00e9s<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Vent de secteur Ouest en renforcement<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Visibilit\u00e9 localement r\u00e9duite par brume<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Autres \u00e9l\u00e9ments<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Terrain de destination :\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Piste unique<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Environnement semi-urbain<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Pilote l\u00e9g\u00e8rement en retard au d\u00e9part<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Passager press\u00e9 par l\u2019horaire<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. Identification des menaces (Threats)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Menaces environnementales<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u00c9volution m\u00e9t\u00e9o non lin\u00e9aire<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Vent traversier annonc\u00e9 proche des limites perso<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Luminosit\u00e9 plus faible que pr\u00e9vue<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Menaces op\u00e9rationnelles<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Navigation au-dessus de zones contr\u00f4l\u00e9es<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Terrain de destination avec peu d\u2019alternatives proches<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Menaces humaines<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Pression temporelle<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Passager influent<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Charge mentale croissante<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. D\u00e9clencheur en vol (situation d\u00e9grad\u00e9e)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00c0 mi-parcours :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Le plafond baisse plus vite que pr\u00e9vu<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Visibilit\u00e9 horizontale diminue progressivement<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Le vent r\u00e9el est plus fort que pr\u00e9vu (d\u00e9rive accrue)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Fr\u00e9quence radio satur\u00e9e<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Le pilote poursuit en se disant :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u00ab \u00c7a passe encore, le terrain n\u2019est plus tr\u00e8s loin \u00bb<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5. Erreurs potentielles (Errors)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Erreurs de d\u00e9cision<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Continuer malgr\u00e9 la d\u00e9gradation visible<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Reporter la d\u00e9cision de d\u00e9routement<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Erreurs de gestion<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Navigation moins pr\u00e9cise<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Surveillance carburant rel\u00e2ch\u00e9e<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>R\u00e9duction de la marge verticale<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Erreurs humaines<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Tunnel attentionnel<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Sous-estimation du stress<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Surconfiance li\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019exp\u00e9rience r\u00e9cente<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">6. \u00c9tats ind\u00e9sirables possibles (Undesired Aircraft States)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Vol prolong\u00e9 en visibilit\u00e9 marginale<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Altitude contrainte par le plafond<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Trajectoire non stabilis\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019arriv\u00e9e<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Charge cognitive excessive en int\u00e9gration<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">7. Strat\u00e9gies de gestion TEM attendues<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">A. Anticipation (ce qui aurait pu \u00eatre fait)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Identification claire des terrains de d\u00e9gagement<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>D\u00e9finition d\u2019un <strong>point de d\u00e9cision temporel ou g\u00e9ographique<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Minima m\u00e9t\u00e9o personnels \u00e9crits<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">B. D\u00e9tection (en vol)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Reconnaissance de la d\u00e9gradation r\u00e9elle vs pr\u00e9vue<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Auto-\u00e9valuation du stress<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Observation de la d\u00e9rive et de la visibilit\u00e9<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">C. R\u00e9cup\u00e9ration (actions efficaces)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>D\u00e9cision pr\u00e9coce de d\u00e9routement<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Annonce claire au passager<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Stabilisation de la charge de travail<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Retour vers des conditions VMC confortables<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">8. D\u00e9briefing p\u00e9dagogique (exemple de questions \u00e0 se poser)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Quelles menaces \u00e9taient identifiables <strong>avant le d\u00e9part<\/strong> ?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u00c0 quel moment la situation devient-elle non nominale ?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Quelle aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 la <strong>meilleure d\u00e9cision TEM<\/strong>, et quand ?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Quelles erreurs sont r\u00e9cup\u00e9rables ? Lesquelles ne le sont plus ?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>O\u00f9 se situe la fronti\u00e8re entre \u00ab comp\u00e9tence \u00bb et \u00ab prise de risque \u00bb ?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">9. Messages cl\u00e9s pour le pilote<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Une menace ignor\u00e9e devient une erreur probable<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Plus la d\u00e9cision est tardive, moins les options sont nombreuses<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Le d\u00e9routement est une <strong>man\u0153uvre de ma\u00eetrise<\/strong>, pas un \u00e9chec<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Le TEM vise la <strong>stabilit\u00e9 globale du vol<\/strong>, pas la performance<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Th\u00e8me : Navigation VFR avec d\u00e9gradation progressive des conditions 1. Contexte g\u00e9n\u00e9ral du vol 2. Situation initiale (avant-vol) M\u00e9t\u00e9o pr\u00e9vue Autres \u00e9l\u00e9ments 3. Identification des menaces (Threats) Menaces environnementales Menaces op\u00e9rationnelles Menaces humaines 4. D\u00e9clencheur en vol (situation d\u00e9grad\u00e9e) \u00c0 mi-parcours : Le pilote poursuit en se disant : \u00ab \u00c7a passe encore, le terrain n\u2019est plus tr\u00e8s loin \u00bb<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/acriv.org\/WP\/%f0%9f%9a%a8cas-pratique-vfr-tem\/\">Read More<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2703","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/acriv.org\/WP\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2703","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/acriv.org\/WP\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/acriv.org\/WP\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/acriv.org\/WP\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/acriv.org\/WP\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2703"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/acriv.org\/WP\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2703\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2708,"href":"https:\/\/acriv.org\/WP\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2703\/revisions\/2708"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/acriv.org\/WP\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2703"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}